According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), the group is anti-government and extremist. In 2015, Mark Pitcavage of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) described the group as 'heavily armed extremists with a conspiratorial and anti-government mindset looking for potential showdowns with the government'. domestic terrorism and hate groups describe the Oath Keepers as a far-right extremist or radical group.

Most research determined the Oath Keeper membership to be approximately 5,000 members, while leaked data showed Oath Keepers' rosters claiming membership of 38,000. Research on their membership determined that two-thirds of the Oath Keepers are former military or law enforcement, and one tenth are active duty military or law enforcement. The group encourages its members to disobey orders which they believe would violate the U.S. Three other members have pled guilty to this crime, and four other members have been convicted of it. In 2023, Rhodes was sentenced to 18 years for seditious conspiracy for his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, and another Oath Keepers leader, Kelly Meggs, was sentenced to 12 years for the same crime.

It was incorporated in 2009 by founder Elmer Stewart Rhodes, a lawyer and former paratrooper. Oath Keepers is an American far-right anti-government militia whose leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the government of the United States, including the transfer of presidential power as prescribed by the United States constitution.

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